The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I really wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather sufficient proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I grab the bull by the horns and keep carrying this banner and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022